Speaker
Description
The physical origin of low escape fractions of ionizing radiation derived from Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at $z\sim3$--$4$ is a puzzle in the theory of reionization. We perform idealized disk galaxy simulations to investigate how galactic properties, such as metallicity and gas mass, affect the escape of Lyman continuum (LyC) photons using radiation-hydrodynamic code, \texttt{RAMSES-RT}, with strong stellar feedback. We find that the luminosity-weighted escape fraction from a metal-poor ($Z=0.1\,Z_\odot$) galaxy embedded in a halo of mass $M_h\simeq10^{11}\,M_\odot$ is $\left<\fesctd\right>\simeq8\%$. However, when the gas metallicity is increased to $Z=1Z_\odot$, the escape fraction is significantly reduced to $\left<\f_{esc}^{3D}\right>\simeq1\%$, as young stars are enshrouded by their birth clouds for a longer period of time. On the other hand, increasing the gas mass by a factor of 5 leads to $\left<\f_{esc}^{3D}\right>\simeq 4\%$, as LyC photons are only moderately absorbed by the thicker disk. Our experiments seem to suggest that high metallicity is primarily responsible for the low escape fractions observed from LBGs, supporting the scenario in which the escape fraction has a negative correlation with halo mass. Indeed, our simulated galaxy with the typical metallicity ($Z=0.3\,Z_\odot$) shows the relative escape fraction of $\f_{esc,rel}^{3D}=8\%$, consistent with recent observations of LBGs with $M_{1500}\sim -20$ at $z\sim4$.
