When a patient is submitted to radiotherapy a treatment plan is made. This plan accounts for the energies used in the treatment, the angles from which the energy is delivered and the number of times the patient has to receive treatment i.e number of fractions. In conventional oncology the radiation plan will stay unchanged throughout all the fractions, without regard for minor, long or short...
Greenland has not always been glaciated, and the ice sheet was likely at a minimum– if it existed at all– about one million years ago (Yau, et al, 2016). Here, the aim is to simulate the last million years of the Greenland ice sheet under the assumption that it incepted on bare bedrock. This is accomplished by melting the ice sheet off of present day topography, which allows us to...
An important problem that molecular astrophysics faces is to understand where, when and how complex organic and prebiotic molecules emerge. To form the basic building blocks of life -- for example amino acids or sugars -- molecules have to go through many complex chemical reactions between many different species. The origins of these biomolecular precursors are an ongoing research field,...
During the last interglacial (130.000-110.000 years ago), the climate in Green-land was warmer than today. Modelling has shown a large span of ice sheet mass losses in Greenland, and it is unclear how far back the ice sheet retreated in the North. At present, Eemian ice is widespread along the margin in Northern Greenland suggesting that the Greenland mass loss was less in the North than...
When the neutral hydrogen of the intergalactic medium (IGM) started to ionise, the Universe entered its latest major transition: The Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the violent cosmic explosions signaling the death of a star with more than 30 times the mass of our Sun, can via their immense brightness make it possible to perform detailed studies of the IGM during the...
Topological defects are increasingly being identified in various biological systems, where their
characteristic flow fields and stress patterns are associated with continuous active stress generation
by biological entities. Here, using numerical simulations of continuum fluctuating nematohydrody-
namics we show that even in the absence of any activity, both noise in orientational alignment...
