When a patient is submitted to radiotherapy a treatment plan is made. This plan accounts for the energies used in the treatment, the angles from which the energy is delivered and the number of times the patient has to receive treatment i.e number of fractions. In conventional oncology the radiation plan will stay unchanged throughout all the fractions, without regard for minor, long or short...
Greenland has not always been glaciated, and the ice sheet was likely at a minimum– if it existed at all– about one million years ago (Yau, et al, 2016). Here, the aim is to simulate the last million years of the Greenland ice sheet under the assumption that it incepted on bare bedrock. This is accomplished by melting the ice sheet off of present day topography, which allows us to...
An important problem that molecular astrophysics faces is to understand where, when and how complex organic and prebiotic molecules emerge. To form the basic building blocks of life -- for example amino acids or sugars -- molecules have to go through many complex chemical reactions between many different species. The origins of these biomolecular precursors are an ongoing research field,...
During the last interglacial (130.000-110.000 years ago), the climate in Green-land was warmer than today. Modelling has shown a large span of ice sheet mass losses in Greenland, and it is unclear how far back the ice sheet retreated in the North. At present, Eemian ice is widespread along the margin in Northern Greenland suggesting that the Greenland mass loss was less in the North than...
When the neutral hydrogen of the intergalactic medium (IGM) started to ionise, the Universe entered its latest major transition: The Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the violent cosmic explosions signaling the death of a star with more than 30 times the mass of our Sun, can via their immense brightness make it possible to perform detailed studies of the IGM during the...
Topological defects are increasingly being identified in various biological systems, where their
characteristic flow fields and stress patterns are associated with continuous active stress generation
by biological entities. Here, using numerical simulations of continuum fluctuating nematohydrody-
namics we show that even in the absence of any activity, both noise in orientational alignment...
Influenza A is a common viral infection spreading among humans and still remains a major societal challenge resulting in annual, global outbreaks with numerous casualties. A critical step in virus dissemination is the budding from the plasma membrane of infected cells. Despite extensive efforts, the mechanism underlying this viral budding event remains largely unsolved, however, the viral...
Our aim is to implement an automated quality control assurance method
for meteorological data. The approach is based on a set of different tests
that probe the spatial, temporal an physical consistency of our data in
a statistical driven method. In order to merge the different outputs, we
propose a statistical framework based on accuracy estimation and opti-
misation of our tests and...
My research on cavity opto-mechanics includes measurements on the transmission
and scattering loss of the photonic crystal membrane. The method we
took was to build a cavity using a concave mirror as the input window of the
cavity. By measuring the finesse, transmission and reflection at resonance, we
will be able to squeeze some optical information about our membrane out of the
cavity....
Lensing using galaxy clusters is a sensitive and promising probe of cosmology, complementing classical probes such as the CMB, SN and BAO. It presents an independent way of probing the background geometry of the universe, and has shown to be sensitive to total matter density and dark energy equation of state parameters. This probe is, however, currently limited by the accuracy of lensing...
Neutrinos are elementary particles with unique properties that make them ideal probes of new physics beyond the Standard Model. The highest-energy neutrinos known, produced in astrophysical phenomena, offer us an opportunity to look for new fundamental particles at energies not reached by particle accelerators on Earth. One possible new particle is the axion, originally postulated as a...
The IceCube Detector is a neutrino telescope designed to study the cosmos from deep within the ice sheet of the south pole. A cubic kilometre of ice is used to detect the Cherenkov radiation from charged decay products of neutrinos. With thousands of triggered events every second, sophisticated methods are needed to process the data. Our use of Graphical Neural Networks provides an alternative...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometre Cherenkov detector located at the South Pole. The IceCube Upgrade will improve the detection, reconstruction, and particle identification of atmospheric neutrinos in the GeV energy range using seven additional strings of new multi-PMT photosensors to increase the instrumentation density in the bottom centre of the detector. Neutrino...
The theory of General Relativity (GR) stands on two of Einstein's most celebrated ideas: the Equivalence Principle and the statement that "gravity is geometry". The former implements Special Relativity (SR) and forces the geometry of spacetime to be Lorentzian, thus turning the previous statement into "gravity is Lorentzian geometry". It may not be obvious that these two ideas, yet closely...
AdS/CFT correspondence is one of the major developments in theoretical physics, but lack of rigorous proof. It has been showed that planar sector of AdS/CFT can be solved completely, by the miracle tool called $integrability$. We are mainly focusing on the AdS/dCFT, a defected version of AdS/CFT. On the field theory side the full symmetry of $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills theory is broken,...
Quasars are manifestations of accreting supermassive blackholes in the centers of galaxies. It is currently uncertain how many quasars there are as quasar selection is known to be biased and incomplete. In this work we use a novel more unbiased quasar selection technique based on machine learning to reach a more reliable and complete census of quasars in a large section of the sky around the...
Bacteria typically grow in communities and this provides them substantial advantages compared to solitary cells. These communities are often comprised of multiple bacterial species leading to the emergence of complex spatial patterns. The emergence of these complex spatial patterns can have a profound effect on bacterial function and survival within the communities. Most experimental studies...
What is Dark matter? Why is there an asymmetry between matter and anti-matter? Why do neutrinos have
mass? These three critical questions cannot be answered by the Standard Model of particle physics, despite it’s overwhelming success in describing the results of high-energy experiments at subatomic scales. They play a pivotal role in forming our understanding of the universe from its...
Use of EOF and SVD techniques to determine the relative importance of different atmospheric modes, using data of geopotential height, temperature, and others. The NCEP and ERA5 reanalyses are used for this and their results will be compared.
An important part of quantum condensed matter physics deals with the calculation of phase diagrams of interacting many-body systems. A novel approach for studying these systems is to utilize representation learning. This technique enables the study of quantum states in a human independent manner, as the representation of quantum phenomena is decided on by the AI. Therefore, this approach...
